What theme does the novel explore regarding humans and animals?

The theme of the complexities of companionship and the impact of civilization is central to the narrative of "The Call of the Wild." Throughout the story, particularly through the journey of Buck, a domesticated dog who reverts to his primal instincts, the relationship between humans and animals is depicted as multifaceted. Buck's interactions with both humans and other animals highlight the bonds that can form in challenging circumstances as well as the often harsh realities of survival in the wild.

The novel asserts that while civilization brings certain comforts and benefits, it also creates constraints that can be detrimental to both animals and humans. Buck's transformation from a pampered pet to a powerful, free creature illustrates a return to the raw, instinctual traits that civilization can suppress. By portraying this dynamic, the novel invites readers to reflect on companionship, the role of nature, and how civilization influences living beings—both human and animal.

This theme resonates throughout Buck's journey, showcasing how the bond with humans can be both nurturing and confining, ultimately pushing him to find his true self in the wild.