What qualities does Buck develop in order to survive?

Buck develops qualities such as strength, cunning, and leadership primarily to survive in the harsh realities of the wilderness and the brutal life as a sled dog. Strength is crucial for pulling heavy loads and enduring the physical challenges posed by the challenging environment. Cunning becomes essential for navigating the dangers that come with living amongst other dogs and humans who may not have his best interests at heart; it allows him to strategize and make quick decisions in precarious situations. Leadership is a vital trait that emerges as he rises through the ranks of the sled dog team, eventually becoming the leader and earning the respect of other dogs. These qualities not only help him to survive but also to thrive and adapt to the primal world, marking his transformation from a domesticated pet to a powerful figure in the wild.